Punch to Win
by Bob Brooke
 

The corner bar has always been a place for working class laborers to gather after completing a long, tiring shifts at local factories. Every afternoon, men and women would stop in from work for a drink before heading home for dinner. The bar owner would lay out several punchboards on the bar. For the price of a penny to two bits (25 cents), a player could take a chance to win up to $500. Using a stylus, the player pushed the punch completely through the foil to dislodge a paper message through the back of the board, which the player read, then collected his winnings, but more often than not, discarded in disgust.

Punchboards were an early form of lottery game boards used in the 18th century. Though lotteries were as popular back then as they are today, they required a large number of players to be profitable.

To enable one or several people to play, a local tavern owner would construct a game board out of wood 8 inches square and half an inch thick, then drill small holes in it and fill them with small rolled pieces of paper on which he had written a number. He then covered the holes with paper. After a customer bought a chance at the punchboard, usually for a penny or a nickel, he would puncture one of the hole's paper covers with a nail and retrieve the piece of paper with a number on it. If the number matched those posted, the customer won a cash prize.

As time went on, tavern owners got greedy and realized they could punch the holes with the biggest prizes and keep the money for themselves since they had made the boards. If anyone asked who won the big prize, he would just claim that it was a stranger and put a new board up the next day. Some tavern owners went a step further and didn’t put any winning numbers their boards. Players eventually caught on to this and stopped playing punchboards.

C.A. Brewer and C.C. Scannell of Chicago patented the modern punchboard in 1905.These new punchboards, made of cardboard, had paper covering both the front and back of each hole to help prevent operators from cheating. They came with a metal stylus and became popular purchases at drugstores, bars, and barbershops, much like today’s lottery tickets sold at convenience stores.

Although punchboards had been around for many years, they had never been so available or so portable. Brewer and Scannell created their punchboards so that one customer could play a lottery, with no contribution necessary from anyone else. This enabled the punchboard's owner/operator to sell chances to one customer at a time, and to immediately tell how much he had won, without waiting for all the punchboard numbers to be sold.

The invention of board stuffing machines and ticket folding and plaiting machines in the late 1910s allowed punchboard manufacturers to produce them cheaply. From 1910 to 1915, they sold over 30 million punchboards.

The concept of the punchboard had been around for many years before 1905. Many bar and pool hall owners made their own punchboards, drilling a few holes in a wooden board, then stuffed small pieces of rolled paper into each hole. Unfortunately, the customer only had the punchboard owner’s word that there was a winning number in at least one of the remaining non-punched holes, a fact that often just wasn’t true. Too often the owner/maker of the homemade punchboard would punch out the winning hole for himself, or he wouldn’t even have bothered to put a winning number in any hole. Profits from these homemade punchboards were very high.

Many people soon realized these homemade punchboards were probably fraudulent, thus the popularity of punchboarding declined. It took the invention of punchboard manufacturing machines, which could cover both sides of the board with a sheet of undamaged paper, to convince customers to return to punchboard gambling.

The mass-production of punchboards led to a general standardization of shapes and a standardization of the themes that helped identify different manufacturers' boards. Although most boards were rectangular in shape, their themes were unique. Some of the successful themes featured drawings of shapely pinups, and titles that implied that certain boards offered big payoffs, such as Win u Ruck, Barrel of Winners, and Sweepstakes Parley. Some punchboards had themes featuring racy drawings and titles such as Easy Double, Big Gusher, and Lady Your Fat is Showing.

Some punchboards had as many as 10,000 holes, and some as few as 25. Some paid out prizes instead of money, such as cigarettes, and some guaranteed that everyone was a winner. But they all had one thing in common—their calculated average gross profit or what the board's owner could expect as his profit when he sold all the holes and gave out all the prizes. Not had, in an era when lunch cost 25 cents and a gallon of gas cost 10.

Punchboard sales declined significantly after WWII, as many states made them illegal. Many manufacturers attempted to disguise the gambling nature of the boards by stating that prizes were "for trade only" and not redeemable for cash. Cigarette, cigar, and beer companies used punchboards as an advertising medium, featuring packages of cigarettes or bottles of beer as prizes on their punchboards instead of cash. While some of these boards were operated as advertising gimmicks, most were still played for cash.

Despite the millions of punchboards produced, it’s difficult for collectors to find non-punched or unusual punchboards because most were simply thrown away when their original owner felt the board would no longer sucker another coin from an unwitting player.

Punchboard prices range from a couple of dollars far a board with dog-eared edges and faded colors, up to several hundred dollars for a non-punched board in pristine condition. As with most collectibles, condition is important in a punch-board's cost. And some punchhoard themes have remained consistently more desirable, therefore more costly.

Though there have been numerous lottery-type games invented over the years, non fired the imagination o f gamblers and collectors like the punchboard.

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